413 Terms from the Metal Industry

Abrasion resistance: The ability of a metal surface to resist wear and damage caused by rubbing or scraping.
Abrasive blasting: A process of cleaning or roughening a metal surface using an abrasive material such as sand or glass beads.
Acetylene: A gas used as a fuel in welding and cutting torches.
Adhesive bonding: A process of joining metal parts using an adhesive material such as glue or epoxy.
Aging: A process of heating and cooling metal to improve its strength and hardness.
Alloy steel: A type of steel that contains one or more alloying elements to improve its properties.
Alloy: A mixture of two or more metals.
Annealing: A process of heating and cooling metal to relieve stress, improve ductility, and reduce hardness.
Anodizing: A process of applying a protective or decorative coating to aluminum or other metals by electrolytic oxidation.
Arc blow: The bending or deflection of the welding arc caused by magnetic fields in the metal being welded.
Arc length: The distance between the tip of the electrode and the workpiece in arc welding.
Arc length: The distance between the welding electrode and the metal being welded.
Arc welding: A group of welding processes that use an electric arc to melt metal and join parts together.
Arc welding: A welding process that uses an electric arc to melt and join metals.
Austempering: A process of heat-treating steel to improve its strength and ductility.
Austenite: A type of crystal structure in steel that is stable at high temperatures.
Austenitic stainless steel: A type of stainless steel that contains high levels of nickel and chromium for improved corrosion resistance.
Auto darkening welding helmet: A type of welding helmet that automatically darkens when the arc is struck.
Babbitt metal: A soft metal alloy used for bearings and other applications where low friction is required.
Babbitt metal: A soft metal used as a bearing surface in machinery.
Back gauge: A device used to position metal parts or sheets during cutting or bending.
Back gouging: A process of removing excess weld material from the opposite side of a joint to improve penetration and fusion.
Backing gas: A gas used to protect the backside of the weld from oxidation and contamination during welding.
Backing strip: A piece of metal placed behind a weld to help support and fill the weld.
Bainite: A type of crystal structure in steel that is formed during the cooling process and provides increased strength and toughness.
Ball bearing: A rolling element bearing that uses balls to reduce friction between metal parts.
Ball milling: A process of milling metal using a ball mill and a liquid medium.
Ball peen hammer: A hammer with a rounded end used for shaping and forming metal.
Bar stock: A length of metal stock used in machining operations.
Bar stock: Metal bars of various sizes and shapes used as raw material for machining and other operations.
Bead blasting: A process of cleaning or roughening a metal surface using glass beads or other abrasive particles.
Bead: The metal deposit left by a weld.
Bearing: A component that supports and reduces friction between moving parts.
Bench grinder: A grinding machine used for sharpening or shaping metal parts.
Bend allowance: The amount of material needed to compensate for the deformation of a metal part during bending.
Beryllium: A metal element commonly used in alloys for its strength, stiffness, and heat resistance.
Beryllium: A metal element used in alloys for its strength and conductivity, but also known for its toxicity.
Bevel: An angled cut made on the edge of a piece of metal.
Billet: A length of metal that has been hot-rolled or forged into a specific shape.
Black oxide: A coating applied to steel to improve its corrosion resistance and appearance.
Blacksmith: A person who shapes metal by hand using heat and tools.
Blanchard grinding: A machining process that uses a rotary table to grind large metal parts.
Blanchard grinding: A process of grinding metal parts with a rotary table and a vertical grinding wheel.
Blowtorch: A tool used to heat metal for bending, soldering, or welding.
Bolt cutter: A tool used to cut metal bolts, wires, or other objects.
Bore: The diameter of a hole or tube in a metal part.
Boron: A metalloid element commonly used in alloys for its strength and heat resistance.
Brazed joint: A joint formed by brazing.
Brazing rod: A filler metal used in brazing.
Brazing: A process of joining metal parts by heating them and adding a filler metal that melts at a lower temperature than the parts being joined.
Bridge crane: A type of overhead crane used to move heavy metal objects in a factory or workshop.
Brittle: A property of a metal that makes it prone to cracking or breaking under stress or load.
Broaching: A process of cutting a non-circular shape into a metal part using a broach or cutting tool.
Burnback: A welding defect that occurs when the welding wire fuses to the contact tip and is pulled back into the welding gun.
Burnishing tool: A tool used to smooth and polish metal surfaces by pressing and rubbing them.
Burnishing: A polishing process that smooths metal surfaces by rubbing them with a hard, smooth object.
Burr: A rough edge or ridge on a piece of metal caused by machining or cutting.
Butt joint: A joint where two pieces of metal are joined by welding the ends together.
Butt weld: A type of weld used to join two metal parts that are aligned end-to-end.
Cadmium: A metallic element commonly used as a coating to protect steel from corrosion.
Carbide: A compound of carbon and a metallic element, often used as a cutting tool material for its hardness and wear resistance.
Carbon steel: A type of steel that contains carbon as its main alloying element.
Carburizing: A process of adding carbon to the surface of steel to improve its hardness and wear resistance.
Cast iron: A type of iron that is brittle but has good compression strength, and is commonly used for casting and other applications.
Casting: A process of forming metal parts by pouring molten metal into a mold.
Cathodic protection: A method of protecting metal from corrosion by applying an electric current or coating it with a sacrificial metal.
C-clamp: A type of clamp used to hold metal parts together during welding or machining.
Centerless grinding: A process of grinding metal parts using a centerless grinding wheel and a regulating wheel.
Ceramic coating: A thin layer of ceramic material applied to a metal surface for improved corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
Chamfer: An angled cut made on the edge of a piece of metal to make it easier to weld or join.
Chamfering tool: A tool used to cut a chamfer on the edge of a metal part.
Chipping hammer: A hammer used to remove slag and weld spatter from a weld.
Chisel: A hand tool used for cutting or shaping metal by striking it with a hammer.
Chisel: A tool used to cut or shape metal by striking it with a hammer or mallet.
Chromate conversion coating: A coating applied to aluminum or other metals to improve their corrosion resistance and adhesion.
Chrome plating: A process of applying a layer of chrome to a metal surface for corrosion resistance and improved appearance.
Chromium: A metal element commonly used in alloys for its corrosion resistance and durability.
CNC: Computer numerical control; a technology used in machining that uses computer-controlled machines to perform precise cuts and operations.
Cold forging: A process of shaping metal by applying pressure to it at room temperature.
Cold forming: The process of shaping metal at room temperature
Cold rolled steel: Steel that has been rolled at room temperature to improve its strength and dimensional accuracy.
Cold saw: A saw used to cut metal at low speeds to avoid overheating and damaging the blade.
Cold working: The process of deforming metal at room temperature to improve its properties.
Collet: A clamp used to hold a metal part or tool in a machine tool.
Concentricity: The property of a metal part or component that describes its center axis being in the same location as the center axis of another part or component.
Contact tip: The part of the welding gun that makes contact with the welding wire and conducts the welding current.
Contour cutting: A process of cutting metal parts into a specific shape or contour using a CNC machine.
Corrosion inhibitor: A substance added to metal to prevent corrosion.
Corrosion: The deterioration of metal due to chemical reactions with its environment.
Corrosion: The process of metal deteriorating due to exposure to environmental factors such as water, air, and chemicals.
Crater: A depression at the end of a weld bead caused by the sudden termination of the welding arc.
Creep: The gradual deformation of a metal part over time under constant stress or load.
Crimping: A process of compressing metal to create a secure joint.
Cross rolling: A process of rolling metal in two directions to reduce its thickness and improve its properties.
Cross-sectional area: The total area of a metal part or component that is perpendicular to the direction of stress or load.
Cupola furnace: A type of furnace used to melt iron and steel.
Cupping: A process of forming metal into a cup shape using a punch and a die.
Cutter: A tool used to cut or shape metal in a machine tool.
Cutting fluid: A lubricant used during machining to reduce heat and friction and improve tool life.
Cutting speed: The speed at which a cutting tool moves across a metal surface during machining.
Dapping: A process of forming metal into a curved shape using a dapping block and punches.
Deburring: A process of removing burrs or sharp edges from metal parts.
Deformation: A change in the shape or size of a metal part due to stress or load.
Density: The mass per unit volume of a metal.
Die casting: A process of forming metal parts by injecting molten metal into a mold under high pressure.
Die holder: A device used to hold a metal die in a machine tool.
Die sinking: A process of forming metal parts by pressing them into a metal die.
Die: A tool used for cutting, shaping, or forming metal parts.
Dielectric fluid: A liquid used to cool and lubricate metal parts during EDM (electrical discharge machining).
Dielectric strength tester: A device used to test the dielectric strength of a metal part or component.
Dielectric strength: The ability of a material to withstand electrical stress without breaking down.
Differential hardness: A measure of the difference in hardness between the surface and interior of a metal part.
Differential hardness: The difference in hardness between two different areas or regions of a metal part.
Dimpling: A process of creating small indentations or dimples on a metal surface for aesthetic or functional purposes.
Drawing: A process of forming metal parts by pulling them through a series of dies.
Drill bit: A tool used to drill holes in metal.
Dross: A layer of impurities that forms on the surface of molten metal during smelting or casting.
Ductile: A term used to describe metals that can be easily stretched or bent without breaking.
Ductile: The property of a metal that allows it to deform without breaking or cracking.
Ductility: The ability of a metal to be stretched or bent without breaking.
Duplex stainless steel: A type of stainless steel that contains both austenitic and ferritic structures for improved strength and corrosion resistance.
Edge preparation: The process of beveling or chamfering the edge of a metal part for welding or other purposes.
EDM (electrical discharge machining): A process of machining metal parts by using an electric spark to erode material from the surface.
Elastic modulus: The ratio of stress to strain in a metal part or component.
Elasticity: The property of a metal that allows it to deform under stress or load and then return to its original shape.
Electrical discharge machining (EDM): A process of cutting metal parts using a series of electrical sparks.
Electrode holder: The part of the welding machine that holds the welding electrode and conducts the welding current.
Electrode: A metal rod or wire used in welding or other operations that conduct an electric current.
Electrogalvanizing: A process of applying a layer of zinc to a metal surface using electrolysis.
Electromagnetic forming: A process of shaping metal using a magnetic field.
Electropolishing: A process of smoothing and polishing metal surfaces by electrochemical means.
End mill: A cutting tool used in milling operations.
Etching: A process of removing material from a metal surface using an acid or other chemical.
Expansion joint: A joint used in metal structures to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.
Extruder: A machine used to extrude metal into a specific shape or profile.
Extrusion: A process of forming metal parts by forcing molten metal through a die.
Fabrication: The process of creating metal parts or structures by cutting, shaping, and assembling metal components.
Facing: A process of removing material from the end of a metal part to make it flat and perpendicular to the axis.
Fatigue: The weakening or failure of a metal part due to repeated stress or load.
Ferrite: A crystal structure of iron that is magnetic and is found in some types of steel.
Ferritic stainless steel: A type of stainless steel that contains a high amount of ferrite for improved strength and corrosion resistance.
Ferrous: A term used to describe metals that contain iron, such as steel and cast iron.
Filler metal: Metal used to fill the gap between two metal parts being welded together.
Fillet weld: A type of weld used to join two metal parts that are perpendicular to each other.
Fillet: A rounded or triangular-shaped weld used to join two pieces of metal at right angles.
Finishing: The process of improving the appearance and quality of a metal surface after machining or other operations.
Flame cutting: A process of cutting metal using a torch with a flame of oxygen and a fuel gas such as acetylene.
Flame straightening: A process of straightening bent or warped metal parts using a torch and controlled heating.
Flange: A flat, raised rim or collar on a metal part used for strength or to attach to another part.
Flaring: A process of expanding the end of a metal tube or pipe to form a flange or lip.
Flexural strength: The resistance of a metal to bending or flexing without breaking.
Flow forming: A process of forming metal parts by applying pressure to a spinning metal blank.
Flux: A material used in welding to protect the molten metal from oxidation and contamination.
Forge welding: A process of joining metal parts by heating them and hammering them together.
Forge: A furnace or hearth used for heating metal to a high temperature to shape it by hammering or pressing.
Forging: A process of forming metal parts by heating them and shaping them with a hammer or press.
Forming: The process of shaping metal into a specific shape or profile.
Foundry: A facility where metal is melted and cast into specific shapes or parts.
Fracture toughness: The ability of a metal to resist cracking or fracturing under stress or load.
Fracture: A break or separation in a metal part caused by stress or load.
Friction welding: A welding process that uses friction to generate heat and join metals.
Galling: A form of wear that occurs when two metal surfaces rub together and seize up.
Galvanized steel: Steel that has been coated with a layer of zinc for increased corrosion resistance.
Galvanizing: A process of applying a protective coating of zinc to a metal surface to prevent corrosion.
Galvanneal: A coating applied to steel to improve its corrosion resistance and adhesion.
Gas lens: A device used in gas tungsten arc welding to distribute shielding gas evenly around the welding electrode.
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW): A welding process that uses a continuous wire feed and a shielding gas to join metals.
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW): Another name for TIG welding.
Gas welding: A welding process that uses a flame from burning fuel gas to melt metal and join parts together.
Gauge: A measurement of the thickness of a metal part or sheet.
Gold plating: A process of applying a thin layer of gold to a metal surface for decorative or functional purposes.
Gouging: A process of removing excess weld material or other metal from a joint or surface.
Grindability: The ease with which a metal can be ground or machined.
Grinding: A process of removing material from a metal surface using an abrasive wheel or belt.
Grit blasting: A process of cleaning or roughening a metal surface using abrasive particles such as sand or grit.
Groove weld: A weld made in the groove between two metal parts.
Gun drilling: A process of drilling deep, straight holes in metal parts using a specialized gun drill bit.
Hardenability: The ability of a metal to be hardened by heat treatment.
Hardening: A process of increasing the hardness of a metal part through heating, cooling, or other methods.
Hardness: The resistance of a metal to indentation, scratching, or other forms of deformation.
HAZ cracking: Cracking that occurs in the heat affected zone of a weld due to residual stresses.
Heat affected zone (HAZ): The area of a metal part that has been affected by heat during welding or other operations.
Heat exchanger: A device used to transfer heat between fluids or gases in a metal system or machine.
Heat input: The amount of heat applied to a metal part during welding or other heat-related processes.
Heat sink: A material used to absorb or dissipate heat from a metal part or component.
Heat treating: A process of heating and cooling metal to change its properties such as hardness, ductility, and strength.
Heat treatment: A process of heating and cooling metal to alter its properties, such as hardness or ductility.
Hemming: A process of folding the edge of a metal part over itself to form a hem.
High carbon steel: A type of steel that contains a high percentage of carbon for increased hardness and wear resistance.
High speed steel: A type of tool steel used for cutting tools and other metal parts that require high speed and wear resistance.
Hot dip galvanizing: A process of applying a layer of zinc to a metal surface by dipping it into molten zinc.
Hot rolled steel: Steel that has been heated and rolled to improve its strength and dimensional accuracy.
Hot working: The process of shaping metal at high temperatures by forging, rolling, or extruding.
HVOF (high-velocity oxygen fuel) coating: A process of applying a dense, wear-resistant coating to metal surfaces using a high-velocity jet of gas and powdered metal.
Hydraulic press: A machine used to shape metal by applying pressure with a hydraulic cylinder.
Hydrogen embrittlement: A type of metal degradation that occurs when hydrogen atoms penetrate the metal and make it brittle.
Impact strength: The ability of a metal part to resist fracture or deformation under sudden impact or shock.
Inclusions: Non-metallic materials such as dirt, sand, or oxides that are present in a metal part.
Inconel: A nickel-based alloy commonly used in high-temperature applications.
Induction hardening: A process of hardening steel by heating it with an electric current.
Ingot casting: A process of casting metal into ingots for further processing.
Ingot: A large block of metal that has been cast from molten metal.
Interpass temperature: The temperature of the metal between weld passes during multi-pass welding.
Investment casting: A process of forming metal parts by pouring molten metal into a ceramic mold.
Iron oxide: A compound that forms on the surface of iron or steel and contributes to corrosion.
Iron: A metallic element commonly used for making steel and other alloys.
Jig: A device used to hold and position metal parts during machining, welding, or other operations.
Jig: A device used to hold metal parts in a specific position during machining or other operations.
Joining: The process of connecting two or more metal parts together by welding, soldering, brazing, or other means.
Joint preparation: The process of preparing the metal surfaces to be joined by welding.
Kinematic viscosity: A measure of a metal fluid's resistance to flow.
Kinematics: The study of the motion of objects, including metal parts and machines.
Kinetic energy: The energy of motion; in machining, the energy used to cut or shape metal.
Knurling: A process of cutting a pattern of small, raised bumps or ridges into a metal surface for improved grip or appearance.
Lamination: A process of forming metal into thin sheets by rolling or pressing.
Lap joint: A joint between two overlapping metal parts.
Laser cutting: A process of cutting metal parts using a laser beam.
Laser engraving: A process of engraving a pattern or design onto a metal surface using a laser beam.
Lateral strain: The amount of deformation a metal part experiences when subjected to a load.
Lathe: A machine used for shaping metal parts by rotating them against a cutting tool.
Lead screw: A threaded metal rod used to transmit motion or force in a machine tool.
Lead: A metallic element commonly used as an additive in alloys for increased strength and durability.
Lean manufacturing: A philosophy of manufacturing that emphasizes efficiency and waste reduction.
Limit switch: A device used to limit the motion of a metal part or machine.
Linear motion guide: A device used to guide and control the motion of a metal part or machine.
Liquid nitrogen: A cryogenic fluid used to cool and freeze metal parts.
Machinability: The ease with which a metal can be machined or shaped.
Machining: The process of cutting, shaping, and finishing metal to create a specific shape or part.
Magnetic particle inspection (MPI): A non-destructive testing method that uses magnetic fields and iron particles to detect defects or flaws in metal parts.
Magnetic particle testing: A non-destructive testing method used to inspect metal parts for cracks or other defects using magnetic particles and a magnetic field.
Malleability: The property of a metal that allows it to be hammered or pressed into different shapes without breaking.
Mandrel: A tool used for shaping or forming metal parts by inserting it into a hollow metal tube or pipe.
Manganese: A metal element commonly used in steel alloys for its strength and toughness.
Marker pen: A pen used to mark a metal surface for cutting, machining, or other operations.
Martensite: A type of crystal structure in steel that is formed during the hardening process.
Mechanical properties: The physical properties of a metal, such as strength, ductility, and toughness.
Melted zone: The area of metal that has been melted and solidified during welding or other heat-related processes.
Metal fatigue: The weakening or failure of a metal part due to repeated stress or load.
Metal injection molding (MIM): A process of forming metal parts by injecting a metal powder into a mold and sintering it.
Metal spinning: A process of shaping metal parts by rotating them against a cutting tool while applying pressure.
Metallurgy: The science of studying and manipulating the properties of metals.
Microstructure: The microscopic structure of a metal part or component.
Microstructure: The structure and composition of a metal at the microscopic level.
MIG welding: Another name for gas metal arc welding.
Mild steel: A type of low carbon steel that is soft and easy to shape.
Milling: A process of cutting metal with a rotating cutter that removes material from the surface of the metal.
Mirror finish: A highly polished and reflective surface finish on a metal part.
Molybdenum: A metal element commonly used in alloys for its strength and corrosion resistance.
Nickel: A metal element commonly used in alloys for its strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion.
Nitriding: A process of hardening steel by heating it in the presence of nitrogen-containing gases.
Non-destructive testing (NDT): A method of inspecting metal parts without damaging them, such as ultrasonic testing or magnetic particle inspection.
Non-destructive testing: A method of inspecting metal parts for defects or flaws without damaging them.
Non-ferrous: A term used to describe metals that do not contain iron, such as copper, aluminum, and brass.
Notch sensitivity: The sensitivity of a metal part to cracking or fracturing under stress or load due to the presence of notches or cracks.
Notching: A process of cutting a notch or groove in a metal part for a specific purpose.
Oil hardening steel: A type of steel that is hardened by quenching it in oil.
O-ring: A seal made of a flexible material such as rubber or silicone that is used to prevent leaks between metal parts.
Oxidation: The chemical reaction of a metal with oxygen in the air, resulting in a surface layer of oxide or rust.
Oxidation: The reaction of metal with oxygen that can cause corrosion or rusting.
Oxyacetylene welding: A welding process that uses a torch with a flame of oxygen and acetylene gas to melt and join metals.
Oxy-fuel cutting: A process of cutting metal using a flame from burning oxygen and fuel gas.
Passivation: A process of treating metal surfaces to improve their corrosion resistance.
Peening: A process of striking metal with a hammer or other tool to create a compressed surface layer and improve its strength and durability.
Phosphorus: A non-metal element commonly used in steel alloys for its strength and corrosion resistance.
Pickling: A process of removing rust or other impurities from a metal surface using an acid or other chemical.
Pinch roll: A set of rollers used to guide and control the movement of metal parts during rolling or other operations.
Pitting corrosion: A type of corrosion that forms small pits or holes on the surface of a metal part.
Plasma arc welding: A welding process that uses a plasma arc to melt metal and join parts together.
Plasma cutting: A process of cutting metal using a plasma torch that produces a high-velocity jet of ionized gas.
Plasma spraying: A process of applying a wear-resistant coating to metal surfaces using a plasma torch.
Plastic deformation: The permanent change in shape of a metal part due to stress or load.
Platen: A flat metal plate used as a work surface or for pressing and forming metal parts.
Plating: A process of applying a layer of metal to a metal part or surface for corrosion resistance or improved appearance.
Polishing: A process of smoothing metal surfaces to improve their appearance and reduce friction.
Porosity: A welding defect caused by gas bubbles trapped in the weld metal.
Post-weld heat treatment: A process of heating and cooling a welded part to relieve residual stresses and improve the properties of the weld.
Powder coating: A process of applying a durable, corrosion-resistant coating to metal parts using a spray gun and electrostatic charge.
Powder metallurgy: A process of forming metal parts by compacting and sintering metal powder.
Precipitation hardening: A process of hardening metal by heating and then rapidly cooling it, followed by a slower cooling process to allow precipitation of strengthening particles.
Precision machining: The process of machining metal parts to extremely tight tolerances.
Preheat: The process of heating the metal before welding to reduce the risk of cracking and improve the quality of the weld.
Press brake: A machine used to bend or form metal parts using a die and a press.
Profile cutting: A process of cutting metal parts into a specific shape or profile using a CNC machine.
Punch press: A machine used to punch holes or shapes in metal using a die and a punch.
Punch: A tool used to cut or shape metal by striking it with a press or hammer.
Quench and temper: A process of hardening steel by heating it and then rapidly cooling it, followed by a tempering process to improve its toughness.
Quenching: A process of cooling metal rapidly from a high temperature to improve its hardness or strength.
Radial drilling machine: A machine used to drill holes in metal parts or structures.
Radiography: A non-destructive testing method used to inspect welds or other metal parts using X-rays or gamma rays.
Ram: A component of a press or forging machine that applies pressure to a metal part or die.
Recrystallization: A process of reordering the crystal structure of a metal part to improve its properties.
Reducing agent: A substance used in metallurgy to remove oxygen or other elements from a metal compound.
Refining: A process of purifying metal to remove impurities and improve its properties.
Refractory metal: A metal that is highly resistant to heat and wear, such as tungsten or molybdenum.
Refractory: A material that is resistant to heat and wear and is used to line furnaces and other high-temperature equipment.
Residual stress: The stress that remains in a metal part after it has been subjected to a load or stress.
Resistance welding: A welding process that uses electrical resistance to generate heat and join metals.
Rheology: The study of the deformation and flow of matter, including metal parts and materials.
Rib forming: A process of forming a rib or flange on the edge of a metal part using a punch and a die.
Rigidity: The stiffness or resistance to deformation of a metal part or structure.
Rivet: A fastener used to join metal parts together.
Robotic welding: A welding process that uses a robotic arm to manipulate the welding torch and join metals.
Rockwell hardness: A measure of a metal's hardness based on its indentation resistance.
Roller: A cylindrical metal component used to guide and support metal parts during rolling or other operations.
Rolling: A process of forming metal by passing it through a series of rollers to reduce its thickness and improve its properties.
Root pass: The first weld pass in a joint that forms the bottom of the joint.
Rotary broaching: A process of cutting a non-circular shape into a metal part using a rotating cutting tool.
Rust: A reddish-brown coating that forms on the surface of iron or steel due to oxidation.
Rust: The corrosion of iron and steel due to the reaction with oxygen in the air, resulting in a reddish-brown layer of oxide.
SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) steel: A classification of steel alloys used in the automotive industry.
Safety wire: A wire used to secure metal parts or fasteners to prevent them from coming loose.
Sand casting: A process of forming metal parts by pouring molten metal into a sand mold.
Sandblasting: A process of cleaning or roughening a metal surface using sand or other abrasive particles.
Scale: A layer of oxide that forms on the surface of metal during heating or cooling.
Scavenger: A substance used in metallurgy to remove impurities or other unwanted materials from a metal.
Schematic diagram: A diagram that shows the components and connections of a metal system or machine.
Screw thread: A helical groove or ridge cut into a metal surface to allow for threaded fasteners.
Seam welding: A welding process used to join two metal sheets along their length.
Sheet metal: Thin, flat metal sheets used for a variety of applications.
Shielding gas: A gas used in welding to protect the molten metal from oxidation and contamination.
Shot blasting: A process of cleaning or roughening a metal surface using small, hard particles such as steel shot or grit.
Sintering: A process of compacting and heating metal powder to form a solid metal part.
Sintering: A process of forming metal parts by heating and compressing metal powder.
Slag: A byproduct of welding that forms on the surface of the weld as a result of flux or other materials.
Slag: A layer of impurities that forms on the surface of metal during smelting or welding and is removed to produce clean metal.
Slag: The waste material that forms on the surface of molten metal during smelting or other operations.
Sleeving: A process of adding a metal sleeve or coating to a worn or damaged metal part to improve its durability.
Soldering: A process of joining metal parts by heating them and adding a low-melting-point metal alloy that flows between the parts and solidifies to form a joint.
Solvent welding: A process of joining plastic or metal parts using a solvent that melts and fuses them together.
Spark testing: A method of testing metal parts for their composition using a spark generated by a grinding wheel.
Spatter: Small droplets of molten metal that fly out of the weld pool during welding.
Spot welding: A welding process that uses electric resistance to join metal parts together at discrete points.
Spring steel: A type of steel used for making springs and other components that require high strength and elasticity.
Springback: The tendency of metal to return to its original shape after being deformed by bending or other means.
Stainless steel: A type of steel that contains chromium and other elements to improve its corrosion resistance and durability.
Stamping: A process of forming metal parts by pressing them between two dies.
Steel wool: A bundle of fine steel fibers used for cleaning or polishing metal surfaces.
Steel: A common alloy of iron and carbon, often with additional alloying elements to improve its properties.
Steel: A strong, hard metal alloy made primarily from iron and carbon.
Stick welding: Another name for shielded metal arc welding.
Stickout: The length of the welding electrode that extends beyond the contact tip in gas metal arc welding.
Stress corrosion cracking: A type of corrosion that occurs when a metal part is under stress and in contact with a corrosive environment.
Stress relieving: A process of heating and cooling metal to relieve residual stress and improve its properties.
Stress: The force or load applied to a metal part that causes it to deform or break.
Stretch forming: A process of forming metal parts by stretching them over a form or mold.
Strut: A component of a metal structure that provides support and stability.
Submerged arc welding flux: A granular material used in submerged arc welding to protect the molten metal from oxidation and contamination.
Submerged arc welding: A welding process that uses a continuous wire feed and a layer of granulated flux to join metals.
Superplasticity: The ability of a metal to deform significantly without breaking under certain conditions.
Surface finish: The texture or appearance of a metal surface after it has been machined, polished, or treated in some other way.
Tack welding: A temporary weld used to hold metal parts in place during welding.
Tapping: A process of cutting threads into a metal part using a tap.
Tempering: A process of heating and cooling metal to improve its toughness and reduce its hardness.
Tensile strength: The maximum amount of stress a metal part can withstand before it breaks or fractures.
Thermal conductivity: The ability of a metal to conduct heat.
Thermal cutting: A process of cutting metal using heat, such as flame cutting or plasma cutting.
Thermal expansion: The expansion or contraction of a metal part due to changes in temperature.
Thermal spray: A process of applying a thin coating of metal or other material to a surface using a high-temperature flame or plasma.
Thermocouple: A device used to measure temperature in metal parts and systems.
Thixomolding: A process of forming metal parts by injecting a semi-solid metal alloy into a mold.
Thread rolling: A process of forming threads on a metal part by rolling it between two dies.
Threading: A process of cutting a screw thread into a metal surface.
TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding: A welding process that uses a tungsten electrode and an inert gas to join metals.
Titanium: A metallic element known for its strength, corrosion resistance, and light weight.
Tool steel: A type of steel used for making cutting tools and other components that require high hardness and wear resistance.
Torque: The twisting force applied to a metal part or component.
Toughness: The ability of a metal to resist fracture or deformation under stress or load.
Traceability: The ability to track the history of a metal part, including its materials, manufacturing processes, and inspections.
Travel speed: The speed at which the welding torch or electrode moves along the joint being welded.
Tube bending: A process of bending metal tubes or pipes to a specific angle or shape.
Tungsten electrode: The non-consumable electrode used in gas tungsten arc welding.
Tungsten: A metallic element commonly used as an electrode in TIG welding and for other applications that require high heat resistance.
Turning: A machining process that involves rotating a metal part against a cutting tool to remove material and create a specific shape.
Turret punch: A machine used to punch holes, slots, and other shapes into sheet metal.
Ultrasonic testing: A non-destructive testing method that uses sound waves to inspect metal parts for defects or flaws.
Undercut: A groove or depression along the edge of a weld caused by excessive melting of the base metal.
Upset forging: A process of forming metal parts by compressing them between two dies.
Vacuum casting: A process of forming metal parts by pouring molten metal into a vacuum-sealed mold.
Vacuum furnace: A furnace used to heat-treat metal parts in a vacuum or controlled atmosphere.
Vacuum heat treating: A process of heat treating metal parts in a vacuum to prevent oxidation or contamination.
Valve: A device used for controlling the flow of fluids or gases in a metal system or machine.
Vanadium: A metallic element used as an alloying agent in steel for increased strength and toughness.
Vibration testing: A method of testing metal parts and systems for their ability to withstand vibration and shock.
Vickers hardness: A measure of a metal's resistance to indentation.
Weaving: A technique used in welding to create a wider weld bead by moving the torch or electrode back and forth.
Weld bead: The metal that is melted and deposited to form the weld joint.
Weld pool: The molten metal in the region of the joint being welded.
Welder certification: A process of qualifying welders to ensure they have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform welding operations to a specified standard.
Welding current: The electrical current used to create the welding arc in arc welding processes.
Welding helmet: A protective helmet worn by welders to protect their face and eyes from the bright light and sparks generated by welding.
Welding position: The position in which the welding is done, such as flat, vertical, overhead, or horizontal.
Welding positioner: A device used to rotate or tilt the workpiece being welded to allow for easier access and better weld quality.
Welding procedure: The written instructions that specify the details of a welding operation, such as the welding process, materials, and parameters.
Welding rod oven: A device used to store and dry welding electrodes to prevent moisture absorption and improve weld quality.
Welding rod: A metal rod used in welding operations to add material to the joint.
Welding safety: The measures taken to ensure the safety of the welder and others in the vicinity during welding operations.
Welding symbol: A standardized symbol used on engineering drawings to indicate the location and type of welds to be made.
Welding torch: A device used to generate heat and join metals in welding.
Welding voltage: The electrical voltage used to create the welding arc in arc welding processes.
Welding wire feeder: A device used to feed the welding wire into the welding gun in gas metal arc welding.
Welding wire: The metal wire used as the electrode in gas metal arc welding or as filler metal in other welding processes.
Welding: A process of joining metal parts by heating them to a high temperature and adding a filler metal that melts and solidifies to form a joint.
Wire drawing: A process of reducing the diameter of metal wire by pulling it through a series of progressively smaller dies.
Wire speed: The speed at which the welding wire is fed into the welding gun in gas metal arc welding.
Work hardening: The process of increasing the hardness and strength of a metal part through plastic deformation.
Workpiece: The metal part being machined or processed.
Wrought iron: A type of iron that is tough, malleable, and ductile, and was commonly used for forging and other applications before the development of steel.
X-ray inspection: A non-destructive testing method that uses X-rays to detect defects or flaws in metal parts.
Yaw: The rotation of a metal part around its vertical axis.
Yield strength: The amount of stress a metal part can withstand before it begins to deform permanently.
Zinc plating: A process of applying a layer of zinc to a metal surface for increased corrosion resistance.
Zinc: A metallic element commonly used as a coating to protect steel from corrosion.
Zirconium: A metallic element used as an alloying agent in steel for increased strength and corrosion resistance.